Sunday, March 20, 2016

የአፋን ኦሮሞ ዐሥራ አራቱ መጽሐፈ ቅዳሴ ተመረቀ




የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን በልሳነ ግእዝ እና በአፋን ኦሮሞ (ግእዚፊ አፋን ኦሮሞቲን- Giiiziifi Afaan Oromootiin) ያዘጋጀችውና 14ቱን መጽሐፈ ቅዳሴ የያዘው ‹‹መጽሐፈ ቅዳሴ -ክታበ ቅዳሴ- Kitaaba Qiddaasee››  መጋቢት 10 ቀን 2008 ዓ.ም. በኢሊሌ ሆቴል ተመረቀ፡፡
ባለ ሦስት ዓምዱ (ኮለም) መጽሐፈ ቅዳሴ፡- የመጀመርያው ረድፍ በግእዝ ቋንቋ፣ ሁለተኛው ረድፍ በኦሮምኛ ሆኖ በሳባ (ግእዝ) ፊደል፣ ሦስተኛው ረድፍ በኦሮምኛ ሆኖ በቁቤ ፊደል ተጽፏል፡፡ ‹‹የኦሮሞ ብሔረሰብ ምእመናን ልጆቻችን በአሁኑ ወቅት በአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋቸው አምልኮአቸውን መፈጸም እንዲችሉ፣ በቋንቋቸውም እንዲያስቀድሱና  እግዚአብሔርን እንዲያመሰግኑ ተተርጕሟል፤›› ያሉት መጽሐፉን የመረቁት ብፁዕ ወቅዱስ አቡነ ማትያስ፣ ‹‹የኦሮሞ ክልል ምእመናን ልጆቻችን እንኳን ደስ አላችሁ እንላለን፤›› ብለዋል፡፡ በሥነሥርዓቱ ላይ የቀድሞው ፕሬዚዳንት ግርማ ወልደ ጊዮርጊስ ተገኝተዋል፡፡



Thursday, March 17, 2016

በባሌ ተራሮች ብሔራዊ ፓርክ የደረሰ ሰደድ እሳት የአንድ ባለሙያ ሕይወት አጠፋ


  የደቡብ አፍሪካ ባለሙያዎች ድጋፍ ለመስጠት አዲስ አበባ ገቡ
በሔኖክ ያሬድ
በባሌ ተራሮች ብሔራዊ ፓርክ አካባቢ መሰንበቻውን የደረሰውን የሰደድ እሳት አደጋ ለማጥፋት ተንቀሳቅሰው ከነበሩት ባለሙያዎች መካከል በአንዱ ላይ የሞት፣ በሌሎቹ ሁለት ባለሙያዎች ላይ ደግሞ የመቁሰል አደጋ ደረሰ፡፡
የደረሰውን የእሳት አደጋ ለማጥፋት ባለሙያዎችን የያዘች የደቡብ አፍሪካ እሳት አደጋ ተከላካይ አውሮፕላን መጋቢት 4 ቀን 2007 ዓ.ም. አዲስ አበባ ገብታለች፡፡
ከሳምንት በፊት በባሌ ተራሮች ብሔራዊ ፓርክ አካባቢ የተነሳውን እሳት ለማጥፋት መጋቢት 1 ቀን 2007 ዓ.ም. ከአካባቢው ማኅበረሰብ ጋር ሲንቀሳቀሱ ከነበሩት ባለሙያዎች መካከል አንዱ የሆነው አቶ ቢንያም አድማሱ ሕይወቱን ሲያጣ፣ ሌሎች ሁለት ባለሙያዎች የመለብለብ አደጋ ደርሶባቸዋል፡፡
የኢትዮጵያ የዱር እንስሳት ልማትና ጥበቃ ባለሥልጣን የሕዝብ ግንኙነትና የመረጃ ዳይሬክቶሬት ዳይሬክተር አቶ ዘሪሁን ዘውዴ ለሪፖርተር እንደገለጹት፣ በሰደድ እሳቱ ከአጠቃላዩ የፓርኩ ይዞታ አምስት ከመቶ በሚሆነው ላይ ጉዳት ደርሷል፡፡ በአካባቢው የተፈጠረውን ሰደድ እሳት ለማጥፋት የፓርኩን ዋርዶች ጨምሮ አጋር ድርጅቶችና ማኅበረሰቡ ባደረጉት ርብርብ በሁለት ወረዳዎች የተነሳውን እሳት ቢቆጣጠሩትም፣ ጎባ ሳይት በተባለው አካባቢ የተነሳውን ለማጥፋት በሚጥሩበት ወቅት የተነሳው ንፋስ እሳቱን በማባባሱ፣ በባለሙያዎቹ ላይ ጉዳት ማድረሱን ገልጸዋል፡፡
በፓርኩ አካባቢ የደረሰው እሳት በአመዛኙ ቢጠፋም በጎባ በኩል ባለው ቁጥቋጦና ቀርከሃ ላይ የተከሰተው ግን ሙሉ ለሙሉ እንዳልጠፋ የጠቆሙት ዳይሬክተሩ፣ እሳቱ ወደ ፓርኩ አለመድረሱን ግን አውስተዋል፡፡
እሳቱን ለማጥፋት እየተደረገ ያለውን ርብርብ ለማገዝ የደቡብ አፍሪካ ባለሙያዎች ከናይሮቢ የእሳት አደጋ መከላከያ አውሮፕላን ይዘው ባለፈው ዓርብ አዲስ አበባ መድረሳቸውን፣ ኮሚቴውን ወደ እሳቱ ቦታ ከማመላለስና ሙያዊ ድጋፍ ከመስጠት በተጨማሪ የእሳት ማጥፋት ሥልጠና እንደሚሰጡና ሥራቸውንም ወደ ፓርኩ መጋቢት 5 ቀን 2007 ዓ.ም. በመሄድ እንደሚጀምሩ ታውቋል፡፡
ፓርኩ ከ95 በመቶ በላይ ደህና መሆኑ፣ ከዱር እንስሳቱም ብዙም የተጎዱ አለመኖራቸውና እሳቱ የደረሰበት ቦታ ላይ የነበሩ እንስሳት መሰደዳቸውንም ጠቅሰዋል፡፡ ‹‹ብዙ የተጎዱ የሉም፤ እሳቱ ሲመጣ ይሰደዳሉ ሳሩ ሲበቅል ተመልሰው ይመጣሉ፤›› ብለዋል፡፡  
 የአደጋው መንስዔ እየተጣራ መሆኑንና ያለው ጥርጣሬ ከፓርኩ ውጪ የሚገኝ አካባቢን ለከብት ግጦሽ ለመጠቀም በተለኮሰ እሳት በመሆኑ፣ ተጠርጣሪዎች በቁጥጥር ሥር መዋላቸውን አመልክተዋል፡፡
      በአደጋው ሕይወቱ ያለፈው የወጣቱ ባለሙያ ቢንያም አድማሱ ሥርዓተ ቀብር በባሌ ዶዶላ ከተማ ቅዱስ ገብረ ክርስቶስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን መጋቢት 3 ቀን 2007 ዓ.ም. መፈጸሙ ታውቋል፡፡
ከሐሮማያ ዩኒቨርሲቲ የመጀመሪያ ዲግሪውን በሥነ ጽሑፍ  ያገኘውና በቱሪዝም ዘርፍ ልዩ ልዩ ሥልጠናዎችን የወሰደው የ31 ዓመቱ አቶ ቢንያም፣ ከአካባቢ ጥበቃና ኢኮቱሪዝም ጋር የተያያዘ ሥራ በሚሠራው ፍራንክፈርት ዙኦሎጂካል ሶሳይቲ ባልደረባና የቱሪዝም ልማት አማካሪ ሲሆን፣ ከተቋሙ ጋር በመሆን በሰሜን ተራሮች ብሔራዊ ፓርክ፣ በአቡነ ዮሴፍ የማኅበረሰብ ጥብቅ ስፍራ፣ በመንዝ ጓሳ ጥብቅ ስፍራ፣ በአርሲ አካባቢዎችና በባሌ ተራሮች ብሔራዊ ፓርክ አያሌ ሥራዎችን ማከናወኑ ይነገርለታል፡፡ ቀደም ሲል በኢትዮጵያ ዘላቂ ቱሪዝም ትብብር (ኢስታ) የቱሪዝም ልማት ቴክኒክ አማካሪ ሆኖ ሠርቷል፡፡
ከአዲስ አበባ 400 ኪሎ ሜትር ርቆ በደቡብ ምሥራቅ የአገሪቱ ክፍል የሚገኘውና 1962 .. የተቋቋመው የባሌ ተራሮች ብሔራዊ ፓርክ፣ ጠቅላላ ስፋቱ 2,200 ካሬ ኪሎ ሜትር  በላይ ሲሆን፣ ከባሕር ጠለል 1,500 ጫማ እስከ 4,377 ጫማ የሚለካ ከፍታ አለው፡፡  ደጋ፣ወይና ደጋናቆላ ሥነ ምኅዳሮችና ትልልቅ የዕፀዋት (ቨጂቴሺን) ዞኖች አሉት፡፡ 
መረጃዎች እንደሚጠቁሙት፣ ከ1,600 በላይ የሚሆኑ ልዩ ልዩ ዓይነት ዕፀዋት፣ 78 ዓይነት አጥቢ የዱር እንስሳትና 200 የሚጠጉ አዕዋፋት በፓርኩ ተጠልለው ይገኛሉ፡፡ ከእነዚህም መካከል 32 ዓይነት ዕፀዋት፣ 31 ብርቅዬና ድንቅዬ  የዱር እንስሳትና  ስድስት  ዕፀዋት በብሔራዊ ፓርኩ ካልሆነ በስተቀር በሌላው ዓለም ፈጽሞ አይገኙም፡፡
ከዚህም ባሻገር ለሳይንስና ኢኮሎጂ ከፍተኛ ጠቀሜታ ያላቸው በደረታቸው የሚሳቡ ልዩ ልዩ እንስሳትና መንቆረረቶችን ፓርኩ አቅፎ ሲይዝ፣ ቡና እና ለባህል መድኃኒትነት የሚውሉ 40 በመቶ የአገሪቱ ዕፀዋትም ይገኙበታል፡፡
ብሔራዊ ፓርኩ በተባበሩት መንግሥታት ድርጅት የትምህርት፣ የሳይንስና የባህል ድርጅት (ዩኔስኮ) በዓለም ቅርስነት ጊዜያዊ መዝገብ ውስጥ ከመካተቱም በተጨማሪ፣ እጅግ ከፍተኛ የሆነ ብዝኃ ሕይወት ያለው በመሆኑ በዓለም 34ኛው በጣም ጥበቃ የሚያስፈልገው የብዝኃ ሕይወት (ሴንሲቲቭ ባዮዳይቨርሲቲ) አካባቢ መሆኑም ይታወሳል፡፡ በዓለም አቀፍ የወፎች ድርጅትም የአፍሪካ አራተኛው የአዕዋፋት መናኸሪያ (በርዲንግ ሳይት) ተብሎ ተመዝግቧል፡፡




Friday, March 11, 2016

የ80 ዓመቱ የሠዓሊ አገኘሁ እንግዳ ቅኔ ስለ አፄ ዮሐንስ (የቁና አፈር ንፉጉ ካሳ)


‹‹ዮሐንስን ጥሩ እሱ ይያዘኝ
እስኪ ካሳን ጥሩ በል አንተ ያዘኝ
ቴዎድሮስን ወስዶ ካሳ አንተ ሰጠኝ
እጅግ ደስ ይለኛል ያንተ ስም ሲነሣ
የቁና ዐፈር ንፉግ አንተ ነህ ወይ ካሳ››
ከ80 ዓመታት በፊት ታዋቂው ሠዓሊ አገኘሁ እንግዳ ከ127 ዓመታት በፊት በኢትዮጵያና ሱዳን ድንበር መተማ ላይ ሰማዕት ለሆኑት አፄ ዮሐንስ ራብዓዊ (አራተኛ) የተቀኙት ቅኔ ነው፡፡
‹‹የኢትዮጵያ ድምፅ›› በሚል በ1928 ዓ.ም. በሠዓሊው የተጻፈው ተራኪ ግጥም ከአፄ ቴዎድሮስ እስከ አፄ ምኒልክ ድረስ ይዘልቃል፡፡ ለዘመናዊት ኢትዮጵያ፣ ለ19ኛው ምእት ዓመቷ ኢትዮጵያ በር ከፋች የነበሩት በዱሮ ስማቸው ካሳ ኃይሉ፣ በንግሥና ስማቸው አፄ ቴዎድሮስ ዳግማዊ (ሁለተኛ)፣ ለአሐዳዊት ኢትዮጵያ መነሣት በቀዳሚነት ሲጠቀሱ፤ ማዕከላዊው መንግሥት ተጠናክሮ ፌዴራላዊ በሚመስል መልኩ ለአካባቢያዊ ገዢዎች ሥልጣን በመስጠት አሐዳዊቷን ኢትዮጵያ አጠናክረው ብቅ ያሉት ደግሞ በዱሮ ስማቸው ካሳ ምርጫ በንግሥና ስማቸው አፄ ዮሐንስ ራብዓዊ (አራተኛ) እስከ መጠርያቸው ‹‹ንጉሠ ጽዮን ንጉሠ ነገሥት ዘ ኢትዮጵያ›› ናቸው፡፡
አገኘሁ ከመጀመርያው ካሳ (ቴዎድሮስ) በኋላ ከተክለ ጊዮርጊስን ቀጥሎ የመጡትን ካሳ (ዮሐንስ) መተማ ላይ የፈጸሙት ጀብዱና የከፈሉትን ሰማዕትነት በ17 ዓመት የሥልጣን ዘመናቸው ሉዓላዊት ኢትዮጵያን በማጠናከራቸው፣ በኢትዮጵያ ድምፅነት ‹‹ዮሐንስን ጥሩ እሱ ይያዘኝ
እስኪ ካሳን ጥሩ በል አንተ ያዘኝ
ቴዎድሮስን ወስዶ ካሳ አንተ ሰጠኝ›› ብለው ስንኞችን አሰሩ፡፡ ከ127 ዓመት በፊት በመጋቢት መባቻ ዕለት መተማ ላይ ሰማዕት መሆናቸውንም ተከትሎም አገኘሁ ተራኪ ግጥማቸውን
‹‹ዮሐንስ ካሳህን ማን ሊችለው ነው፣
ከዘውድ ይልቅ ሞትክን አንተ የመረጥኸው
እንዳንተ ለድርጎ ዐፈር ንፉግ ሰው የለም፣
በደምበር ላይ ብትሞት አይደነቅም፤›› ብለው ዘለቁበት፡፡
እንደ አገኘሁ እንግዳ ምሥጠራ የአገሬን አፈር ባዕድ ይዞት አይሄድም ብለው እግር ያሳጠቡት አፄ ዮሐንስ በደምበር ላይ መሞታቸው መደነቅ ሳይሆን ለድርጎ አፈር ንፉግ ሆነው መገኘታቸውና ‹‹እምቢ ለአፈሬ›› ማለታቸውንና ታላቅነታቸውን ያጎሉበት ስንኝ ነው፡፡
(ሔኖክ መደብር )

Thursday, March 10, 2016

8 facts you may not know about Yohannes IV

 Posted on Wednesday, March 11, 2015 @ 1:51 am by Fetsum Berhane
This list is an extract of a study by the renowned Ethiopian scholar Richard Pankhurst titled “Innovation and Misoneism during the Reign of Emperor Yohannes IV (1872.1889)”, you are invited to read the study in it’s entirety.
1. Urban Development
Dabra Tabor – The Emperor, on assuming the throne, travelled to Dabra Tabor,Tewodros’s former capital in Bagemder, and established a new palace and other buildings at nearby Samara. He also ordered the construction nearby of the modern-style church of Hiruy Giyorgis, which was erected with the help of an Italian craftsman Giacomo Naretti.
Desse – Yohannes had one other notable urban achievement to his credit: the founding of the town of Desse, soon to emerge as the capital of Wallo. The settlement was established in 1882, and commemorated that year’s Great Comet.
2. Medicine
Physician – The second field of traditional innovation in which Yohannes played a prominent role was medicine. He accepted the presence at his court in 1885.86 of a Greek physician, Dr. Nicholas Parisis, lent by King George I of the Hellenes. Yohannes was thus the first Ethiopian ruler to have his personal physician.Image - Emperor Yohannes VI
Vaccination – Parisis was, however, more than a mere court physician. He introduced European-style vaccination, based on a serum imported from France, to a moderately wide section of the population. This arrived during the great smallpox epidemic in 1886, and resulted in the vaccination of many prominent figures. They included Emperor Yohannes himself, the Abun, or head of the church, King Minilik of Shawa, King Takla Haymanot of Gojjam, and Ras Alula, as well as many generals, officials, soldiers, and numerous children. Yohannes was so convinced of the superiority of modern vaccination over traditional Ethiopian variation that he issued a decree forbidding his subjects from practicing the latter. The force of this decree is confirmed by Harrison Smith, who declares that the old practice was declared a heinous. offence; and that great efforts were made to replace it by European-style vaccination.
Orthotic & Prosthesis – Other medical developments took place in this period throughout much of northern Ethiopia. One of the most remarkable innovations was due to the arrival in Adwa of the aforementioned Hungarian armourer, Andre, who made artificial limbs for thieves and other persons amputated in accordance with the traditional Ethiopian legal code. He reportedly charged ten Maria Theresa dollars per limb, in addition to being given presents of grain, meat, honey, etc. The French traveler Alex Girard reported that when Yohannes first saw Andre’s artificial limbs he “could not believe his eyes”.
Clinics – The establishment of clinics in Adwa and Gondar, New medicines were also imported in the course of trade, or brought in by foreign travelers. This resulted in a significant expansion in the use of mercury sulphate preparations in the treatment of syphilis. This cure was by then replacing the older sarsaparilla treatment, and by the early 1880s was commonly used, Rohlfs says, in much of northern Ethiopia.
3. Slave Trade
>> Yohannes was significantly influenced by the nineteenth century European, and more specifically English, agitation against slavery and the slave trade, and was virtually the first Ethiopian ruler to take an official stand against them. Both institutions were then long established in the country. Hallowed by time, they were accepted, albeit with some qualifications, in the Ethiopia’s traditional legal code, the Fitha Nagast, or Law of the Kings.
>> The question of the slavery and the slave trade came to the fore early in Yohannes reign. The matter was apparently first brought to the Emperor’s attention in 1873 by the British traveller de Cosson, who shared his countrymen’s passionate hatred of slavery. Yohannes, according to the traveler, listened attentively to his interpreter’s translation of the arguments against the institution, after which he declared that he had thought gravely over these matters, and that it was true that slavery was distasteful to him as a Christian sovereign.
“I had his promise that he would take immediate measures to enforce the punishment of death against all traders, Mahomedan or Christian, who should in future attempt to buy, sell, or kidnap slaves in his country, or attempt to pass them through it. I begged his Majesty, while he is doing so much, to complete the work by declaring free the slaves then existing in Abyssinia, as those who were contented with their lot would be no worse, while those who pined for liberty would be able to enjoy it like their fellow creatures…..” De Cosson
>> The Emperor duly instructed Kirkham, his English aide, to write to Granville under the imperial seal. The letter declared that the Emperor, as a Christian sovereign, found slavery .distasteful., and promised .to put an end to all traffic in slaves in his kingdom, and to declare all slaves now existing in Abyssinian territory free men. He also announced his intention of issuing a proclamation that if any of his subjects shall buy or sell a slave, they will be punished by death without mercy. Yohannes shortly afterwards committed himself by international treaty to the abolition of both slavery and the slave trade. In the short-lived Tri-partite Treaty of 3 June 1884 he undertook .to prohibit and to prevent, to the best of his ability, the buying and selling of slaves., as well as .the import or export of slaves to or from his dominions.. He agreed also .to protect, to the utmost of his power, all liberated slaves, and to punish severely any attempts to molest them, or to reduce them again to slavery.
>> Wylde, who as British Vice-Consul for the Red Sea was relatively well informed, commented that the Emperor faithfully carried out this treaty, and that there was no known case of slaves passing through his dominions from the time when it was signed until his death, in 1889.
4. Opening of diplomatic relations – Though rulers of Ethiopia had despatched diplomatic-cum-commercial missions to Europe since early medieval times, Yohannes was the first Ethiopian monarch to appoint a permanent representative abroad. The latter was an Englishman based in London, a certain Henry Seymour King, who was accorded the title of Ethiopian Honorary Consul.
5. Repatriation of artifacts & Restitution of the Kibra Nagast – Yohannes was likewise the first Ethiopian monarch to request the repatriation of artifacts looted from the country. He was grieved in particular at the loss of two items seized by the British expedition to Maqdala in 1868. One was a manuscript of the Kibra Nagast, or Glory of Kings, the marginalia of which contained important data on land holdings in the Aksum area; the other was an icon of the Christ with the Crown of Thorns, which had for centuries been carried by the Ethiopian soldiers on campaign. Deeply concerned at the loss of these two irreplaceable items he despatched two letters to London: one to Queen Victoria; and the other to the British Foreign Secretary, Earl Granville.
As a result of this intervention the British Government returned the manuscript, which, it transpired, had been acquired by the British Museum (now British Library). The volume was subsequently transferred to Emperor Minilk’s custody, and is currently in the possession of St. Raguel’s church in the market area of Addis Ababa.
6. Introduction of a national flag – Yohannes meanwhile had the distinction of being the first Ethiopian ruler to introduce a national flag. Two designs were produced, both entirely different from the one later inaugurated by Minilik. The first, according to Winstanley, was a gorgeous production of silk, a tricolour, the coloured divisions running laterally. The highest portion was crimson, the centre white, and the lowest ametyth blue. The whole was surrounded by a rich gold fringe. On the white ground was a gilt and painted representation of the Lion of Judah, with a defiant tail, and a crucifix in his right paw..90 The second version, described by the French traveler Gabriel Simon, consisted of two bands of red silk divided by a blue band on which was embroidered the Ethiopian lion merchant. The shaft was surmounted by a double cross.
7. Founding of a church at Jerusalem – The one other achievement of Emperor Yohannes deserves mention: founding of the Church of Dabra Gannat at Jerusalem. This place of worship was initially funded with gold he had captured from the Egyptians at the battle of Gura in 1876. He subsequently made the church many further payments, to a total value of 328,500 Maria Theresa dollars, of which 141,500 dollars were for construction purposes.
8. Standard of living – In this connection the considered opinion of A.B. Wylde may be quoted. Having travelled across the country in the 1880s . and again in the 1890s, he emphatically observed:
“The country that King Johannes ruled over at his death had greatly improved during the time he was on the throne. The leading men were more enlightened than their predecessors, and took more interest in the welfare of their subjects. There were more rich merchants than formerly, and owing to the brigandage being nearly put down, internal trade in the county had greatly increased and more foreign goods were imported . The peasant and cultivator were also better off and less molested by the soldiery.”
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*Richard Pankhurst, Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa, Innovation and Misoneism during the Reign of Emperor Yohannes IV (1872.1889), Aethiopica 8 (2005), International Journal of Ethiopian and Eritrean Studies, 48–71 ISSN: 1430–1938